Effect of Gamma Radiation on Novel Gelatin Extracted from Camel Skin for Pharmaceutical Application (2025)

Physico-chemical characteristics of gamma-irradiated gelatin

This article reports the effects of gamma irradiation (dose ranges 0.1–10 kGy from 60 Co source) on the characteristics of solid gelatin and the physico-mechanical, microstructural and bioactive properties of the scaffold prepared from irradiated gelatin solution. FTIR, intrinsic viscosity, bloom strength, thermal properties, SEM, tensile properties, water uptake ability and antimicrobial activities of non-irradiated and irradiated solid gelatin and its scaffolds were investigated. The detailed experimental results for the solid gelatin demonstrated that 1 kGy c-irradiated samples showed higher intrinsic viscosity, enhanced thermal stability and bloom strength than other irradiated samples. Furthermore, the scaffold thus prepared from irradiated and non-irradiated gelatin also revealed that 1 kGy samples showed the highest tensile strength and modulus with good water resistivity than other irradiated and non-irradiated samples. In addition to the physicomechanical properties, 1 kGy scaffolds have also exhibited the highest resistivity towards microbial growth that can have potentiality as scaffold in biomedical sector. The enhanced functional and bioactive properties at low irra- diation doses (1 kGy) may occurred due to an initial breaking of hydrogen bonds of polypeptide chains in Md. M. Islam A. Zaman Md. S. Islam M. M. Rahman (&) Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh e-mail: mizanur.rahman@du.ac.bd M. A. Khan Institute of Radiation and Polymer Technology (IRPT), Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), P. O. Box No. 3787, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh gelatin molecules that indicated by the shift of amide A, I and II peaks to higher wave numbers in FTIR. This enhancement resulted probably due to the domination of crosslinking over degradation at 1 kGy. It was also observed that 1 kGy c-radiation-induced crosslinking has lowered the hydrophilicity by decreasing water uptake and mean pore diameter of the interconnected porous structures of gelatin.

Molecular, Structural, and Rheological Characterization of Camel Skin Gelatin Extracted Using Different Pretreatment Conditions

Foods

Optimum conditions for high-quality gelatin recovery from camel skin and its molecular, structural, and rheological characterization were carried out in this study. Increased yield and gel strength were recorded, with an increase in camel skin pretreatment times of 6 to 42 h and 0.50 and 0.75 M-NaOH. Gelatin from skin pretreated with 0.75 and 0.5 M-NaOH for 42 h showed the highest yield (22.60%) and gel strength (365.5 g), respectively. Structural characterization by Fourier transformation infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction, and nuclear magnetic resonance indicated that all gelatins possessed major peaks in the amide region, and diffraction peaks around 22° were basically amorphous. The temperatures for gelling and melting ranged from 20.9 °C to 25.8 °C and 27.34 °C to 30.49 °C. Microstructure revealed loose network with more voids in gelatin from skin pretreated with 0.5 and 0.75 M-NaOH for 6 h, while a highly cross-linked network and less voids were observed in those pretreated w...

Effect of Gamma Radiation on the Physico- and Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Gelatin-Based Films Using 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA)

Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 2010

Preparation and characterisation of chicken skin gelatin as an alternative to mammalian gelatin

Food Hydrocolloids, 2013

The aims of this study were to report for the first time, the extraction and physico-chemical properties of chicken skin gelatin compared to bovine gelatin. Extracted chicken skin gelatin 6.67% (w/v) had a higher bloom value (355 AE 1.48 g) than bovine gelatin (259 AE 0.71 g). The dynamic viscoelastic profile of chicken gelatin exhibited higher viscous and elastic modulus values compared to bovine gelatin for a range of concentrations and frequencies. Thermal properties studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the melting temperature of 6.67%, chicken skin gelatin was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than that of bovine gelatin, indicating lower stability of bovine gelatin compared to chicken skin gelatin. Results obtained in this study showed that Gly (33.70%), Pro (13.42%), H.Pro (12.13%) and Ala (10.08%) were the most dominant amino acids in chicken skin gelatin which contributed to the higher gel strength and stability. Raman spectra of chicken skin and bovine gelatin were similar and displayed typical protein spectra. Chicken gelatin showed strong hydrogen bonding compared to bovine gelatin as the tyrosine doublet ratio (I 855 /I 830 ) of chicken gelatin was significantly lower than that of bovine gelatin. Significantly, the alpha helix and b-sheet type structures were higher for chicken skin gelatin compared with bovine gelatin. The average molecular weight of chicken gelatin was 285,000 Da. These findings, obtained for the first time for chicken skin gelatin, show that it has high potential for application as an alternative to commercial gelatin.

Structural characteristics of camel-bone gelatin by demineralization and extraction

International Journal of Food Properties, 2016

Camel bone was demineralized through HCl acidulation process at different concentrations (0.0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, and 6.0%) over 1-5 days. The level of demineralization was acid concentration and soaking time dependent. Highest demineralization (62.0%) was recorded in bone sample treated with 6.0% dilute acid for 5 days. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) elemental analysis revealed reduction in Ca and increase in N and H, while O remains unaffected. Particulate characteristics by scanning electron microscope showed an increased surface roughness of bone after demineralization. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis of ossein depicted the presence of functional group similar to that of bone protein (collagen). Statistical optimization by central composite design (CCD) revealed a significant quadratic model for optimum values of extraction temperature, pH, and extraction time. The highest gelatin yield from camel bone was 23.66% at optimum extraction condition (71.87°C, pH 5.26, and 2.58 h) and the bloom was 205.74 g. Camel bone is suitable for production of gelatin with good potentials in food and nonfood applications.

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic study of extracted gelatin from shaari (Lithrinus microdon) skin: effects of extraction conditions

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Analysis was used to characterize secondary structure of gelatins extracted from shaari skin and compared with bovine and porcine gelatin obtained from commercial source. The concentration and temperature of extracted solutions were varied from 0.01 to 1.0 N and 4 to 80 o C, respectively. The intensity ratio of amide III and I as a measure of denaturation process showed that all samples had almost the same protein structure at 0.1 and 1.0 N concentration for all extraction temperatures. At low acid concentration (0.01 N) and low temperature (4 o C) significant amount of triple helix remained intact (i.e. less denaturation).

Comparison between gamma and beta irradiation effects on hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and gelatin hard capsules

AAPS PharmSciTech, 2005

The effects of electron beam or γ-irradiation on technological performances (capsule hardness, expressed as deforming work and dissolution time) of empty 2-shell capsules made of gelatin or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) were studied. Capsule structural changes induced by radiation treatment were investigated by capillary viscometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The capsules were irradiated in the air at 5, 15, and 25 kGy. The deforming work of nonirradiated HPMC capsules (0.06 ± 0.01 J) was lower than that of gelatin capsules (0.10 ± 0.01 J). The dissolution time of the HPMC capsules (414 ± 33 seconds) was slightly higher than that determined for gelatin hard capsules (288 ± 19 seconds). The hardness and dissolution time of gelatin and HPMC capsules were not significantly influenced by the irradiation type and the applied irradiation dose. As the viscometry analyses are concerned, irradiation caused a reduction of the intrinsic viscosity and water and dimethyl sulfoxide solvent power in both the cases. AFM analysis showed that the radiation treatment did not appreciably affect the surface roughness of the samples nor induce structural changes on capsule surface. However, measurements of force-distance curves pointed out a qualitative parameter for the identification of the irradiated capsules. On the bases of these preliminary results, empty gelatin or HPMC hard capsules can be sanitized/ sterilized by ionizing radiation.

Preparation and Physicochemical Characterization of Gelatin–Aldehyde Derivatives

Molecules

The present study aimed at preparing novel free-radical scavenging and water-soluble compounds derived from gelatin. Specifically, gelatin–syringaldehyde, gelatin–anisaldehyde, and gelatin–vanillin were synthesized and thoroughly studied for their physicochemical properties. In particular, the compounds were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Notably, as demonstrated by thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry, all three derivatives exhibited higher thermal stability than gelatin itself. Free-radical scavenging activities of the examined compounds were explored by (i) a standard spectrophotometric ABTS assay and (ii) an assay of oxidative degradation of hyaluronic acid monitored by rotational viscometry. We found that gelatin and gelatin–syringaldehyde demonstrated the highest efficacy in scavenging •OH radicals, whereas gelatin–anisaldehyde was the least effective. The efficacy of scavenging...

Studies on the Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Gelatin Based Films Using 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate by Gamma Radiation

Open Journal of Composite Materials, 2012

Gelatin films were prepared by casting. Tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (Eb) of the gelatin films were found to be 46 MPa and 3.5%, respectively. Effect of gamma radiation (Co-60) on the thermo-mechanical properties of the gelatin films was studied. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was added to the gelatin during casting varying (10%-30% by weight) and found to increase the TS significantly. Then the films were irradiated and found further increase of TS. Thermo-mechanical properties of HEMA blended gelatin films were compared with those of the pure gelatin films. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the gelatin/HEMA films were also measured using thermo mechanical analyzer and found opposite trend with comparison of glass point.

Thermal characteristics of gelatin extracted from shaari fish skin

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2011

Gelatin extraction yield increased with the increase of acetic acid concentration and temperature. Gelatin extracted from shaari skin using 0.1 N acid solutions and temperatures of 323 and 353 K gave highest protein content comparable to that of commercial bovine and porcine gelatins. In general, gelatin extracted from shaari gelatin showed lower onset of glass transition temperature than mammalian gelatins. For shaari skin gelatin, the onset of glass transition temperature decreased with the increase of extraction temperature up to 323 K and then remained nearly constant. The decrease in glass transition was more pronounced for gelatin extracted at 0.01 N compared to the 0.1 and 1.0 N samples. Unfolding temperature decreased exponentially with the increase of extraction temperature. The unfolding temperature shifted to lower temperature, and the decrease was more pronounced in the case of higher (1.0 N) concentrated samples. The extraction concentration and temperature did not show significant effect on the onset solids-melting temperature.